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ALEXEY BRODOVITCH - Andy Grundberg (1989) DESIGN


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Brodovitch (Masters of American Design) Hardcover – October 1, 1989
by Andy Grundberg

A study of the life and work of the graphic designer who created a new look in fashion publications and whose teaching inspired the design profession

`Astonish me!` was Alexey Brodovitch`s constant admonition to the artists, photographers and designers he directed through his long career as a pacesetter of graphic design. As art director of Harper`s Bazaar from the depths of the Depression to the high plateau of Eisenhower optimism, he changed the role of graphics and the graphic artist in daily life. In this strikingly handsome book, Grundberg, photography critic for the New York Times , chronicles his subject from dashing Russian emigre to dean of American art directors. A case can be made that as a theorist Brodovitch anticipated the work of Moholy-Nagy, but he wrote little, preferring to devote himself to his work and his many proteges. Besides discussing and unveiling Brodovitch`s designs and photos--including a brilliant set for the Ballets Russes--the author also sets the work of such master photographers as Avedon, Penn, Brassai and Cartier-Bresson in context.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Alexey Vyacheslavovich Brodovitch (also Brodovich; Russian: Алексе́й Вячесла́вович Бродо́вич, Belarusian: Аляксей Брадовіч; 1898 – April 15, 1971) was a Russian-born photographer, designer and instructor who is most famous for his art direction of fashion magazine Harper`s Bazaar from 1934 to 1958.


Alexey Brodovitch was born in Ogolichi, Russian Empire (now Belarus) to a wealthy family in 1898. His father, Vyacheslav or Cheslau Brodovitch, was a respected physician, psychiatrist and huntsman. His mother was an amateur painter. During the Russo-Japanese War, his family moved to Moscow, where his father worked in a hospital for Japanese prisoners. Alexey was sent to study at the Prince Tenisheff School, a prestigious institution in Saint Petersburg, with the intentions of eventually enrolling in the Imperial Art Academy.[1] He had no formal training in art through his childhood, but often sketched noble profiles in the audience at concerts in the city.[2][3]

Military career[edit]
At the start of World War I at the young age of 16, Brodovitch abandoned his dream of entering the Imperial Art Academy and ran away from home to join the Russian army. Not long after, his father had him brought home and hired a private tutor to help Alexey finish school. Upon graduating, Brodovitch ran away again on several occasions.[4] He recalls:

After a week or so I ran away to the front line to kill Germans. But my father, now a military general at the head of a Red Cross hospital train, had plenty of influence, and I was soon brought back to him. On the train back I was employed as a nurses` aid. In East Prussia I ran away again and joined a nearby regiment. Once again I was caught, and this time I was sent to an officers` school, the Corps de Pages.[5]

During the Russian Civil War, Brodovitch served with the White Army. While fighting against the Bolsheviks in Odessa, he was badly wounded and was hospitalized for a time in Kislovodsk, in the Caucasus. In 1918, the town was surrounded by the Bolsheviks, forcing Brodovitch into exile. It was during this retreat to the south through Caucasus and Turkey that he met his future wife, Nina.[6]

By good fortune, Alexey`s brother Nicolas turned out to be one of the soldiers guarding the refugees in Novorossiysk. Not long after, their father, who had been imprisoned in Saint Petersburg by the Bolsheviks, managed to flee to Novorossiysk in hopes of finding his family. The three were once again together, and arranged for Brodovitch`s mother and other relations to join them in Constantinople. Finally reunited, the Brodovitchs made their way to France.[7]

Influential years in Paris[edit]
An émigré[edit]
Upon arriving in Paris, Brodovitch wanted to be a painter. A Russian white émigré in Paris, Brodovitch found himself poor and having to work for the first time in his life. He took a job painting houses, while his wife Nina worked as a seamstress.[8] They lived in a cheap, small apartment in the area of Montparnasse, among other Russian artists who had settled in Paris at the end of the 19th century. This group of artists, including Archipenko, Chagall, and Nathan Altman, would meet at the inexpensive Académie Vassilieff, which offered painting and sculpting classes without an instructor.[9] His connections with these young Russian artists led to more artistic work as a painter of backdrops for Diaghilev`s Ballets Russes.[10]

Paris was a cosmopolitan city through which many artists and art movements passed. Brodovitch was exposed to everything from Dadaism from Zurich and Berlin, Suprematism and Constructivism from Moscow, Bauhaus design from Germany, Futurism from Italy, De Stijl from the Netherlands, and the native strains of Cubism, Fauvism, Purism and Surrealism. Among these various artistic influences, Brodovitch found his beginnings as a designer.[11]

Move to graphic arts[edit]
On nights and weekends away from the Ballets Russes, Brodovitch began sketching designs for textiles, china, and jewelry. By the time his work for the ballet had finished, he had already compiled an extensive portfolio of these side projects and was selling his designs to fashionable shops.[12] He worked part-time doing layouts for Cahiers d`Art, an important art journal, and Arts et Métiers Graphiques, an influential design magazine. While working on layouts, Brodovitch was responsible for fitting together type, photographs, and illustrations on the pages of the magazines. He had the rare opportunity of having influence over the look of the magazine as there was no art director.[13]


The Bal Banal poster on the streets of Paris
He gained public recognition for his work in the commercial arts by winning first prize in a poster competition for an artists` soiree called Le Bal Banal on March 24, 1924. The poster was exhibited on walls all over Montparnasse along with a drawing by Picasso, who took second place.[14] Brodovitch remained proud of this poster throughout his career, always keeping a copy of it pinned to his studio wall. The graphic, light-to-dark inversion of its mask shape, type, and background suggest not only the process of photography, but also represents the process of trading one`s identity for another when wearing a mask.[15] It is the oldest surviving work by Brodovitch. He continued to gain recognition as an applied artist due to his success at the Paris International Exhibit of the Decorative Arts in 1925. He received five medals: three gold medals for kiosk design and jewelry, two silver medals for fabrics, and the top award for the Beck Fils pavilion `Amour de l`Art.`[16]

After these wins, Brodovitch`s career as an applied artist took off. In 1928 he was hired by Athélia, the design studio of the Parisian department store Aux Trois Quartiers, to design and illustrate catalogues and advertisements for their luxury men`s boutique, Madelios.[17] Brodovitch was aware that many of the customers were fairly traditional in their tastes, so he balanced out his modern designs with classical Greek references.


An ad for Athélia by Brodovitch
Although employed full-time by Athélia, Brodovitch offered his service as a freelance designer on the side. He started his own studio, L`Atelier A.B., where he produced posters for various clients, including Union Radio Paris and the Cunard shipping company. He was also commissioned by the Parisian publishing house La Pléiade to illustrate three books: Nouvelles by Alexander Pushkin, Contes Fantastiques by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Monsieur de Bougrelon by Jean Lorrain.[18]

Brodovitch embraced technical developments from the spheres of industrial design, photography, and contemporary painting. His broad curiosity began to assimilate the most interesting aspects of all these fields into his work, eventually making them his own.[14] He later instilled this same curiosity in his students, encouraging them to use new techniques like the airbrush, industrial lacquers, flexible steel needles, and surgical knives.[19]

By the age of 32, Brodovitch had dabbled in producing posters, china, jewelry, textiles, advertisements, and paintings. Eventually specializing in advertising and graphic design, he had become one of the most respected designers of commercial art in Paris. By 1930, however, Paris had lost its luster for Brodovitch. The once-flourishing spirit of adventure and experimentation was fading away. Although he was offered many design positions, Brodovitch turned them down, presumably looking for new locales to advance his designs.[20]

Brodovitch as instructor[edit]
A new approach to teaching[edit]
While still living in Paris, Brodovitch was offered a job by John Story Jenks, the father of a young girl Brodovitch had shown around the arts scene in Paris. Jenks, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art (currently the University of the Arts), was overwhelmed by Brodovitch`s talents and asked him to head the school`s Advertising Design Department. In September 1930, Brodovitch moved to Philadelphia with his wife and son to take the job. Brodovitch began teaching advertising design, creating a special department devoted to the subject.[3]

Brodovitch`s task was to bring American advertising design up to the level of Europe`s, which was thought to have a far more modern spirit.[21] Before his arrival, advertising students were simply copying the magazine styles of N. C. Wyeth and Howard Pyle. The illustrations were beautiful, but had evolved from the tradition of 19th-century romantic realism, a thing of the past.[22] Brodovitch`s teaching technique, on the other hand, was unlike any other the students had been exposed to. He would always teach with a visual aid. Brodovitch would bring into class French and German magazines to examine the pages with his students, explaining the artist`s work or technique. He would raise questions like, `Could this line be better? Could it be like, for example, Cocteau?`[23] When not in the classroom, Brodovitch would take the class on outings around Philadelphia to see factories, laboratories, shopping centers, housing projects, dumps, and the zoo. The students were then told to make a `graphic impression` of what they had seen, whether a photographic interpretation, a drawing, or an abstraction. Brodovitch did not teach in the conventional sense, but rather compelled his students to discover one`s inner, creative resources.[19]

Design laboratory[edit]
In 1933, Brodovitch added the Design Laboratory to the classes he offered. It was meant to be a workshop for his advanced students who wanted to experiment with all aspects of design. Brodovitch shared the Bauhaus belief that you needed to educate the whole individual by directing his or her attention to a variety of modern solutions in their graphic projects.[24] His course description for the Design Laboratory read:

The aim of the course is to help the student to discover his individuality, crystallize his taste, and develop his feeling for the contemporary trend by stimulating his sense of invention and perfecting his technical ability. The course is conducted as an experimental laboratory, inspired by the ever-changing tempo of life, discovery of new techniques, new fields of operation ... in close contact with current problems of leading magazines, department stores, advertising agencies and manufactures. Subjects include design, layout, type, poster, reportage, illustration, magazine make-up, package and product design, display, styling, art directing.[25]

The lab was split into two sections per week, one for design and one for photography. The workshops were immensely popular, and it was not unusual for more than sixty people to show up to his class on the first night. Among the photographers who attended his classes were Diane Arbus, Eve Arnold, David Attie, Richard Avedon, Harvey Lloyd, Hiro, Lisette Model, Garry Winogrand[26] and Tony Ray-Jones.

Students on Brodovitch[edit]
`Brodovitch said `astonish me` many times, and he said we must enter the future and constantly change the old and seek the new. My own BREAKING THE LIGHT images reinvent the art of photography for the digital age, just as he urged all his students and all who worked with him to do. He despised imitation of the past and said long ago that we must be like the Russian Astronaut Gagarin and rocked into the future with daring and passion. He was a giant ahead of his time and he planted seeds of creativity that like the dragon seeds sprung up fully armored, and ready to astonish him.` [ Harvey Lloyd. Post abstract expressionist photographer and artist]
`He taught me to be intolerant of mediocrity. He taught me to worship the unknown.` - Art Kane, fashion and music photographer[27]
`I learned from him that if, when you look in your camera, you see an image you have ever seen before, don`t click the shutter.` - Hiro, fashion photographer[28]
`The Alexey Brodovitch course ... really changed the direction of my life. It was not anything that Brodovitch taught specifically, it was an ambiance that he created, a connection that he would make with particular students. He`d try to get them to move in directions that they were already discovering.` - David Attie, fine art and commercial photographer [29]






avangarda istorija dizajna majstori dizajna istorija umetnosti američki dizajn xx vek ... aleksej brodovič ruska avangarda fotografija umetnost dizajna moda odeća ...

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Brodovitch (Masters of American Design) Hardcover – October 1, 1989
by Andy Grundberg

A study of the life and work of the graphic designer who created a new look in fashion publications and whose teaching inspired the design profession

`Astonish me!` was Alexey Brodovitch`s constant admonition to the artists, photographers and designers he directed through his long career as a pacesetter of graphic design. As art director of Harper`s Bazaar from the depths of the Depression to the high plateau of Eisenhower optimism, he changed the role of graphics and the graphic artist in daily life. In this strikingly handsome book, Grundberg, photography critic for the New York Times , chronicles his subject from dashing Russian emigre to dean of American art directors. A case can be made that as a theorist Brodovitch anticipated the work of Moholy-Nagy, but he wrote little, preferring to devote himself to his work and his many proteges. Besides discussing and unveiling Brodovitch`s designs and photos--including a brilliant set for the Ballets Russes--the author also sets the work of such master photographers as Avedon, Penn, Brassai and Cartier-Bresson in context.
Copyright 1989 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Alexey Vyacheslavovich Brodovitch (also Brodovich; Russian: Алексе́й Вячесла́вович Бродо́вич, Belarusian: Аляксей Брадовіч; 1898 – April 15, 1971) was a Russian-born photographer, designer and instructor who is most famous for his art direction of fashion magazine Harper`s Bazaar from 1934 to 1958.


Alexey Brodovitch was born in Ogolichi, Russian Empire (now Belarus) to a wealthy family in 1898. His father, Vyacheslav or Cheslau Brodovitch, was a respected physician, psychiatrist and huntsman. His mother was an amateur painter. During the Russo-Japanese War, his family moved to Moscow, where his father worked in a hospital for Japanese prisoners. Alexey was sent to study at the Prince Tenisheff School, a prestigious institution in Saint Petersburg, with the intentions of eventually enrolling in the Imperial Art Academy.[1] He had no formal training in art through his childhood, but often sketched noble profiles in the audience at concerts in the city.[2][3]

Military career[edit]
At the start of World War I at the young age of 16, Brodovitch abandoned his dream of entering the Imperial Art Academy and ran away from home to join the Russian army. Not long after, his father had him brought home and hired a private tutor to help Alexey finish school. Upon graduating, Brodovitch ran away again on several occasions.[4] He recalls:

After a week or so I ran away to the front line to kill Germans. But my father, now a military general at the head of a Red Cross hospital train, had plenty of influence, and I was soon brought back to him. On the train back I was employed as a nurses` aid. In East Prussia I ran away again and joined a nearby regiment. Once again I was caught, and this time I was sent to an officers` school, the Corps de Pages.[5]

During the Russian Civil War, Brodovitch served with the White Army. While fighting against the Bolsheviks in Odessa, he was badly wounded and was hospitalized for a time in Kislovodsk, in the Caucasus. In 1918, the town was surrounded by the Bolsheviks, forcing Brodovitch into exile. It was during this retreat to the south through Caucasus and Turkey that he met his future wife, Nina.[6]

By good fortune, Alexey`s brother Nicolas turned out to be one of the soldiers guarding the refugees in Novorossiysk. Not long after, their father, who had been imprisoned in Saint Petersburg by the Bolsheviks, managed to flee to Novorossiysk in hopes of finding his family. The three were once again together, and arranged for Brodovitch`s mother and other relations to join them in Constantinople. Finally reunited, the Brodovitchs made their way to France.[7]

Influential years in Paris[edit]
An émigré[edit]
Upon arriving in Paris, Brodovitch wanted to be a painter. A Russian white émigré in Paris, Brodovitch found himself poor and having to work for the first time in his life. He took a job painting houses, while his wife Nina worked as a seamstress.[8] They lived in a cheap, small apartment in the area of Montparnasse, among other Russian artists who had settled in Paris at the end of the 19th century. This group of artists, including Archipenko, Chagall, and Nathan Altman, would meet at the inexpensive Académie Vassilieff, which offered painting and sculpting classes without an instructor.[9] His connections with these young Russian artists led to more artistic work as a painter of backdrops for Diaghilev`s Ballets Russes.[10]

Paris was a cosmopolitan city through which many artists and art movements passed. Brodovitch was exposed to everything from Dadaism from Zurich and Berlin, Suprematism and Constructivism from Moscow, Bauhaus design from Germany, Futurism from Italy, De Stijl from the Netherlands, and the native strains of Cubism, Fauvism, Purism and Surrealism. Among these various artistic influences, Brodovitch found his beginnings as a designer.[11]

Move to graphic arts[edit]
On nights and weekends away from the Ballets Russes, Brodovitch began sketching designs for textiles, china, and jewelry. By the time his work for the ballet had finished, he had already compiled an extensive portfolio of these side projects and was selling his designs to fashionable shops.[12] He worked part-time doing layouts for Cahiers d`Art, an important art journal, and Arts et Métiers Graphiques, an influential design magazine. While working on layouts, Brodovitch was responsible for fitting together type, photographs, and illustrations on the pages of the magazines. He had the rare opportunity of having influence over the look of the magazine as there was no art director.[13]


The Bal Banal poster on the streets of Paris
He gained public recognition for his work in the commercial arts by winning first prize in a poster competition for an artists` soiree called Le Bal Banal on March 24, 1924. The poster was exhibited on walls all over Montparnasse along with a drawing by Picasso, who took second place.[14] Brodovitch remained proud of this poster throughout his career, always keeping a copy of it pinned to his studio wall. The graphic, light-to-dark inversion of its mask shape, type, and background suggest not only the process of photography, but also represents the process of trading one`s identity for another when wearing a mask.[15] It is the oldest surviving work by Brodovitch. He continued to gain recognition as an applied artist due to his success at the Paris International Exhibit of the Decorative Arts in 1925. He received five medals: three gold medals for kiosk design and jewelry, two silver medals for fabrics, and the top award for the Beck Fils pavilion `Amour de l`Art.`[16]

After these wins, Brodovitch`s career as an applied artist took off. In 1928 he was hired by Athélia, the design studio of the Parisian department store Aux Trois Quartiers, to design and illustrate catalogues and advertisements for their luxury men`s boutique, Madelios.[17] Brodovitch was aware that many of the customers were fairly traditional in their tastes, so he balanced out his modern designs with classical Greek references.


An ad for Athélia by Brodovitch
Although employed full-time by Athélia, Brodovitch offered his service as a freelance designer on the side. He started his own studio, L`Atelier A.B., where he produced posters for various clients, including Union Radio Paris and the Cunard shipping company. He was also commissioned by the Parisian publishing house La Pléiade to illustrate three books: Nouvelles by Alexander Pushkin, Contes Fantastiques by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Monsieur de Bougrelon by Jean Lorrain.[18]

Brodovitch embraced technical developments from the spheres of industrial design, photography, and contemporary painting. His broad curiosity began to assimilate the most interesting aspects of all these fields into his work, eventually making them his own.[14] He later instilled this same curiosity in his students, encouraging them to use new techniques like the airbrush, industrial lacquers, flexible steel needles, and surgical knives.[19]

By the age of 32, Brodovitch had dabbled in producing posters, china, jewelry, textiles, advertisements, and paintings. Eventually specializing in advertising and graphic design, he had become one of the most respected designers of commercial art in Paris. By 1930, however, Paris had lost its luster for Brodovitch. The once-flourishing spirit of adventure and experimentation was fading away. Although he was offered many design positions, Brodovitch turned them down, presumably looking for new locales to advance his designs.[20]

Brodovitch as instructor[edit]
A new approach to teaching[edit]
While still living in Paris, Brodovitch was offered a job by John Story Jenks, the father of a young girl Brodovitch had shown around the arts scene in Paris. Jenks, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art (currently the University of the Arts), was overwhelmed by Brodovitch`s talents and asked him to head the school`s Advertising Design Department. In September 1930, Brodovitch moved to Philadelphia with his wife and son to take the job. Brodovitch began teaching advertising design, creating a special department devoted to the subject.[3]

Brodovitch`s task was to bring American advertising design up to the level of Europe`s, which was thought to have a far more modern spirit.[21] Before his arrival, advertising students were simply copying the magazine styles of N. C. Wyeth and Howard Pyle. The illustrations were beautiful, but had evolved from the tradition of 19th-century romantic realism, a thing of the past.[22] Brodovitch`s teaching technique, on the other hand, was unlike any other the students had been exposed to. He would always teach with a visual aid. Brodovitch would bring into class French and German magazines to examine the pages with his students, explaining the artist`s work or technique. He would raise questions like, `Could this line be better? Could it be like, for example, Cocteau?`[23] When not in the classroom, Brodovitch would take the class on outings around Philadelphia to see factories, laboratories, shopping centers, housing projects, dumps, and the zoo. The students were then told to make a `graphic impression` of what they had seen, whether a photographic interpretation, a drawing, or an abstraction. Brodovitch did not teach in the conventional sense, but rather compelled his students to discover one`s inner, creative resources.[19]

Design laboratory[edit]
In 1933, Brodovitch added the Design Laboratory to the classes he offered. It was meant to be a workshop for his advanced students who wanted to experiment with all aspects of design. Brodovitch shared the Bauhaus belief that you needed to educate the whole individual by directing his or her attention to a variety of modern solutions in their graphic projects.[24] His course description for the Design Laboratory read:

The aim of the course is to help the student to discover his individuality, crystallize his taste, and develop his feeling for the contemporary trend by stimulating his sense of invention and perfecting his technical ability. The course is conducted as an experimental laboratory, inspired by the ever-changing tempo of life, discovery of new techniques, new fields of operation ... in close contact with current problems of leading magazines, department stores, advertising agencies and manufactures. Subjects include design, layout, type, poster, reportage, illustration, magazine make-up, package and product design, display, styling, art directing.[25]

The lab was split into two sections per week, one for design and one for photography. The workshops were immensely popular, and it was not unusual for more than sixty people to show up to his class on the first night. Among the photographers who attended his classes were Diane Arbus, Eve Arnold, David Attie, Richard Avedon, Harvey Lloyd, Hiro, Lisette Model, Garry Winogrand[26] and Tony Ray-Jones.

Students on Brodovitch[edit]
`Brodovitch said `astonish me` many times, and he said we must enter the future and constantly change the old and seek the new. My own BREAKING THE LIGHT images reinvent the art of photography for the digital age, just as he urged all his students and all who worked with him to do. He despised imitation of the past and said long ago that we must be like the Russian Astronaut Gagarin and rocked into the future with daring and passion. He was a giant ahead of his time and he planted seeds of creativity that like the dragon seeds sprung up fully armored, and ready to astonish him.` [ Harvey Lloyd. Post abstract expressionist photographer and artist]
`He taught me to be intolerant of mediocrity. He taught me to worship the unknown.` - Art Kane, fashion and music photographer[27]
`I learned from him that if, when you look in your camera, you see an image you have ever seen before, don`t click the shutter.` - Hiro, fashion photographer[28]
`The Alexey Brodovitch course ... really changed the direction of my life. It was not anything that Brodovitch taught specifically, it was an ambiance that he created, a connection that he would make with particular students. He`d try to get them to move in directions that they were already discovering.` - David Attie, fine art and commercial photographer [29]






avangarda istorija dizajna majstori dizajna istorija umetnosti američki dizajn xx vek ... aleksej brodovič ruska avangarda fotografija umetnost dizajna moda odeća ...
53163849 ALEXEY BRODOVITCH - Andy Grundberg (1989) DESIGN

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