ISBN: Ostalo
Godina izdanja: 1986
Jezik: Engleski
Oblast: Fizika
Autor: Strani

65025) RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONMENT sources , distribution and surveillance , Ronald L. Kathren, Harwood Academic Publishers 1986 ,
`The text throughout is clearly written and is well illustrated with tables and fig-ures. provides an excellent account of the effects of radiation on man, standards of radiation protection and radioactive waste options.`-Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

`... an excellent introductory book. The treatment of each topic is thorough and every chapter can be read on its own without the continual need to refer back... [A] most useful treatise. I recommend it for all interested in environ-mental radiation.` - The British Journal of Radiology

`A readable, informative and authoritative introduction to the subject for the in-terested student or non-specialist.` - Radiological Protection Bulletin

`Dr. Kathren`s book will retain its usefulness for some years to a wide range of people in both science and policy fields.` -International Journal of Environ-mental Studies

About the author

Ronald L. Kathren is currently Staff Scientist in the Occupational and Environ-mental Protection Department at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, and Affiliate Associate Professor of Radiological Sciences at the University of Washington. He is the author or co-author of more than 50 articles, book chap-ters and technical reports, and in 1977 was the recipient of the Health Physics Society`s Elda E. Anderson Award.

Contents:
Preface
A Note on Units

CHAPTER 1 : HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
The Discovery of X-Rays
The Discovery of Radioactivity
Environmental Radioactivity: Early Studies Early Studies of Cosmic Rays
Applications of Radioactivity

CHAPTER 2 : RADIOACTIVITY AND RADIATIONS OF COSMIC ORIGIN
Cosmic Rays
Variations in Cosmic Rays
Cosmogenic Radioactivity

CHAPTER 3 : TERRESTRIAL RADIATIONS AND RADIOACTIVITY
Singly Occurring Nuclides
Chain or Series Decaying Radionuclides

Series Decay Relationships
Important Nuclides from Chains
Airborne Radioactivity

CHAPTER 4 : DOSE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
Technologically Enhanced Natural Radiation
Radioactivity in Consumer Products
Other Sources of Environmental Exposure
Summary of Environmental Radiation Exposure

CHAPTER 5 : FALLOUT FROM NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVES
Introduction
Nuclear Explosive Phenomenology Radioactivity from Nuclear Explosions
Important Fission Products
Tritium, C-14, and Other Activation Products
Plutonium and Other Transuranics
Underground Nuclear Detonations

CHAPTER 6 : THE FRONT END OF THE FUEL CYCLE
Uranium Mining
Mining Hazards and the Working-Level Concept
Uranium Milling Fuel Fabrication
Production and Enrichment of Uranium Hexafluoride

CHAPTER 7 : RADIOACTIVITY FROM NUCLEAR REACTORS
Basic Thermal Reactor Design
Production of Fission Products
Activation Products
Tritium and C
Radioactive Gas Partitioning
Management of PWR Wastes
BWR Waste Management
Radiological Aspects of Normal Reactor Operations
Reactor Accidents

CHAPTER 8 : FUEL REPROCESSING AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE
Classification of Radioactive Wastes
Low-Level Waste
Closing the Fuel Cycle
High-Level Waste Disposal Options

CHAPTER 9 : ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT
Composition of the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Mixing and Turbulence
Atmospheric Diffusion
General Global Circulation

CHAPTER 10 : AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL TRANSPORT
Introduction
The Marine Environment
Coastal Waters and Estuaries
Rivers, Streams, and Lakes
Subsurface Water Movement
Terrestrial Transport
Vegetation and Resuspension

CHAPTER 11 : BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS

Introduction
Biological Concentration
Biological Turnover
Bioaccumulation of 3H, 14C, and 32p
The Alkaline Metals
The Actinides
Other Elements

CHAPTER 12 : PATHWAY ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DOSE ASSESSMENT
Generalized Pathways
Specific Pathways for Important Nuclides
Environmental Dose Assessment

CHAPTER 13 : ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE AND MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS
Basic Concepts
Program Development
Regional vs. Local Programs
Program Design for Nuclear Facilities
Quality Assurance

CHAPTER 14 : AMBIENT RADIATION AND AERIAL MEASUREMENTS

Ambient Measurements with Integrating Detectors
Ambient Measurements with Rate Meters
Aerial Surveys

CHAPTER 15 : AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY SAMPLI AND ANALYSIS
General Principles of Sampling
Airborne Particulate Radioactivity
Airborne Radioiodines
Airborne Tritium
The Noble Gases

CHAPTER 16 : TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
Terrestrial Soils and Sediments
Terrestrial Vegetation
Terrestrial Animals
Milk
Water and Sediment
Aquatic Biota
Sample Preparation and Analysis
Radiochemical Separation and Counting

CHAPTER 17 : RADIOLOGIC AGE DATING
Lead Methods
Helium Age Dating
Strontium-Rubidium Method
Potassium-Argon Dating
Radiocarbon Dating
Fission Track Methods
Thermoluminescence
The Oklo Phenomenon
Appendix: Radiological Units

Name Index
Subject Index
tvrd povez, format 15,5 x 23,5 cm , 397 strana, pečatirana ,