ISBN: Ostalo
Godina izdanja: 1992
Jezik: Engleski
Autor: Strani

- War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina (V. 1: A Helsinki Watch Report) Human Rights Watch, 1992
359 st.
meki povez
stanje: dobro-
Nonfiction, Sociology

TABLE OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... vii
Frequently Used Abbreviations ...........................................................................................viii
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................1
Background.......................................................................................................................................19
Parties to the Conflict.................................................................................................................32
Bosnian and Croatian Forces..............................................................................32
Serbian and Yugoslav Forces..............................................................................35
Positions of the Various Sides ..............................................................................................39
The Cantonization of Bosnia-Hercegovina .................................................39
The Bosnian Position ................................................................................................41
The Croatian Position ...............................................................................................41
The Serbian Position ................................................................................................46
Violations of the Rules of War ...............................................................................................50
Summary Executions of Civilians and Persons
Hors de Combat.........................................................................................................50
Zaklopača .....................................................................................................50
Vlašić Plateau ............................................................................................56
Skelani ...........................................................................................................60
Bijeljina .........................................................................................................62
`Ethnic Cleansing` and Forcible Displacement ......................................63
Executions....................................................................................................63
Detention and `Concentration` Camps .....................................63
Confinement to Ghetto Areas...........................................................69
Forcible Deportation............................................................................... 71
Forcible Displacement..........................................................................72
`Ethnic Cleansing` in Serbian-Occupied Areas of
Croatia and in the Republic of Serbia ...........................................................75
Serbian-Controlled Areas of Croatia ............................................75
Vojvodina.......................................................................................................81
Kosovo............................................................................................................85
Sandžak..........................................................................................................87
Disappearances..........................................................................................................88
Taking of Hostages....................................................................................................89
Mistreatment in Detention ....................................................................................91
Skender Vakuf and Stara Gradiška -- April 26 .........................91
Brčko -- May 3.............................................................................................94
Skender Vakuf and Stara Gradiška -- May 15...........................99
Indiscriminate Use of Force ..............................................................................104
Bijeljina .......................................................................................................106
Mostar ..........................................................................................................106
Sarajevo ...................................................................................................... 107
Slavonski Brod .........................................................................................110
Tuzla................................................................................................................ 111
Attacks on Medical and Relief Personnel
and Vehicles...............................................................................................................112
Attacks on Journalists ............................................................................................121
Deaths ..........................................................................................................124
Disappearances.....................................................................................126
Wounded .....................................................................................................127
Arrests..........................................................................................................128
Physical or Other Harassment.......................................................129
Obstruction of Freedom of the Press ..........................................131
Pillage and Other Destruction of Civilian Property..............................132
Brčko .............................................................................................................132
Bijeljina .......................................................................................................133
Sarajevo ......................................................................................................133
Other Abuses...............................................................................................................136
Misuse of a Medical Facility............................................................136
Destruction of Bridge Between
Gunja and Brčko.................................................................................... 137
Status of Refugees and Displaced Persons................................................................140
The Role of the International Community ....................................................................145
The United Nations...................................................................................................145
Peacekeeping..........................................................................................145
Imposition of Sanctions .....................................................................151
Compliance with Sanctions............................................................ 157
Delivery of Humanitarian Aid..........................................................160
Continued Difficulties ........................................................................163
Non-UN Multilateral Action ..................................................................................172
The European Community....................................................................................174
The European Community
Monitoring Mission .............................................................................174
European Community-Sponsored
Peace Talks ............................................................................................. 175
European Community Sanctions
Against Yugoslavia ............................................................................. 178
Humanitarian Aid and Refugee Assistance...........................180
The United States .....................................................................................................184
Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................195
Appendix A: Other Relevant Provisions of
International Law ......................................................................................................................199
Customary Law and Protocol I: Civilian Immunity
and the Principle of Distinction....................................................................203
United Nations General Assembly
Resolution 2444...................................................................................203
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of
12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection
of Victims of International Armed
Conflicts (Protocol I) .......................................................................203
Basic Rule: The Immunity of Civilians and
Civilian Objects....................................................................................................... 204
Terror and Morale Attacks ..............................................................205
Civilians and Civilian Population................................................205
Designation of Military Objectives.............................................208
Types of Military Objectives...........................................................209
Civilian and `Dual-Use` Objects....................................................212
Cultural Property ...................................................................................212
Prohibition of Disproportionate and Other
Indiscriminate Attacks .......................................................................................213
The Rule of Proportionality..............................................................213
Concrete and Direct Military Advantage.................................214
Excessive Collateral Advantage ...................................................215
Other Indiscriminate Attacks.........................................................218
Verification of Military Objectives ..............................................219
Other Prohibited Acts............................................................................................ 220
Shielding ....................................................................................................221
Hostage-Taking.......................................................................................221
Protection and Care of the Wounded and
Protection of Medical Units
and Transports......................................................................................221
Protection of Civilians from Displacement for
Reasons Related to the Conflict ................................................ 223
Prohibition Against Starvation of the
Civilian Population ............................................................................................... 224
Appendix B: UN Memorandum ............................................................................................ 228
Appendix C: Helsinki Watch Report on Human Rights Abuses in
the Croatian Conflict, September 1991 .......................................................................230
Appendix D: Helsinki Watch Letter to Slobodan Milošević,
President of the Republic of Serbia and Blagoje Adžić, Acting
Minister of Defense, January 21, 1992 ...........................................................................274
Appendix E: Helsinki Watch Letter to Franjo Tudjman,
President of the Republic of Croatia, February 13, 1992 ....................................310