ISBN: Ostalo
Godina izdanja: 1961
Jezik: Engleski
Autor: Strani

Shepard Bancroft Clough - The Rise and Fall of Civilization
Columbia University Press, 1961
291 str.
meki povez
stanje: dobro-, vlaga je ostavila trag.

This is sub-titled "How Economic Development Affects the Culture of Nations", and here a Columbia University professor of economic history inquires into the domiant role played by economic development in the rise and fall of civilizations from earliest recorded times. Among the prerequisites Dr. Clough indicates for the rise of a highly developed culture are a complex and vigorous economic system, large urban centers, and a wide degree of freedom of choice for the individual. When these have been fulfilled, human society has attained the highest form of culture and civilization-in ancient Egypt, classic Greece and Rome, the Valley of the Euphrates, and in more modern times in Western Europe and in North America. An excellent work in its field but with obvious limitations for general sales.

`A thoughtful and stimulating book of unusual scope.
JOURNAL OF MODERN HISTORY

An inquiry into the relationship between economic development and civilization

In this striking contribution to economic history, the distinguished historian Shepard B. Clough studies the relationship between economic growth and levels of civilization. Professor Clough maintains that an economic surplus in a society is necessary before the people in it can attain a high level of civilization, that is, before they can realize great achievements in the arts, philosophy, and science; before they can establish control over their physical environment; and before they can regulate human relations according to just laws applicable equally to all.
From a study of many cultures including Egypt, Greece, and Home - Professor Clough finds that peaks of civilization have been reached shortly after peaks of material well-being have been attained. However, the attain-ment of a high form of civilization, he shows, leads to an imbalance between artistic creation and economic development. `As a large proportion of human energies in a culture is devoted to the achievement and enjoyment of great works of art... the smaller the proportion of energies which will be avail able for creating economic well-being.` From these hypotheses, Professor Clough asserts that prolonging the high stages of civilization can be achieved by a balance in the utilization of human energies between aesthetic and economic activity.
In his Preface, Professor Clough says: `From my study of history, I find that the chief ideology of Western man, that is, the most common and most fundamental goal toward which we Western men strive, is the attainment of a higher level of civilization.` This book will help to provide the kind of fundamental understanding necessary to the achievement of that goal.

CONTENTS
I A FOREWORD
The problem stated Factors in achieving higher degrees of civilization
Factors of economic progress
II THE EARLIEST CULTURES
Limitations of our study in time and space
Paleolithic civilization and the Neolithic agricultural revolution
The technological revolution in the Age of Copper
The urban revolution of the early Bronze Age
Revolutions in knowledge and culture
III EMPIRE CULTURES OF THE BRONZE AGE
(FROM THE THIRD TO THE FIRST MILLENNIUM B.C.)
Economic progress and war
Rises and falls of civilization in Egypt
Civilization in the cultures of Mesopotamia
Other cultures of Hither Asia
Aegean culture
IV ANCIENT GREECE
Reasons for Greek primacy-a general statement
The formative period of Greek culture, 1100 to 600 в.с.
Greek culture from the sixth to the fourth century B.с.
The economy of the Hellenistic Period, 338-30 в.с.
V ROME
The place of Roman culture in world history
Beginnings of Roman power, 1000 to 270 в.с.
Rome becomes a world power, 270 в.с. to 14 A.D.
The first two centuries A.D.
The economic decline of Roman Italy
from the third to the fifth century A.D.
VI WESTERN CULTURE
A synopsis
The Middle Ages
Economic development, 1500-1800
Civilization in Western Europe to 1800
VII WESTERN CULTURE IN THE
NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH
CENTURIES
The last 150 years
Mechanization of industry
The agricultural revolution
Trade and the division of labor
Desire for material betterment-savings and invest-ment
Natural resources and the location of industry
Population and labor
Concentration of wealth
Achievement in the arts
Control over physical and human environment
In retrospect and in prospect
Notes
Index


Non-Fiction, History, Civilization, Economic history, Philosophy