ISBN: 1870244001
Godina izdanja: 2005
Jezik: Engleski
Autor: Strani

Ian Stewart, Vann Joines - TA Today: A New Introduction to Transactional Analysis
Lifespace Publishing, 2005
342 str.
meki povez
stanje: vrlo dobro

Transactional Analysis (TA) is a model for understanding human personality, relationships and communication. It was first developed by the late Eric Berne, M.D. TA sprang to worldwide fame in the 1960s and `70s through the publication of best-selling books like Games People Play and Born To Win. Since then, TA has continued to grow. Theory has been expanded, reappraised and tested by observation. In the years since Berne`s death in 1970, TA practitioners have introduced new concepts and techniques that are now at the very heart of the discipline ...

CONTENTS
Preface / xi
Part I INTRODUCING TA
1. What TA Is / 3
Key ideas of TA 3
The philosophy of TA 6
Part II PICTURING PERSONALITY: The
Ego-State Model
2. The Ego-State Model / 11
Examples of ego-state shifts 12
Definition of ego-states 15
Are ego-state distinctions real? 16
Ego-states and superego, ego, id 17
Ego-states are names, not things 18
A matter of words: are there ‘just three’ ego-states? 19
The over-simplified model 20
3. Functional Analysis of Ego-States / 23
Adapted Child and Free Child 24
Controlling Parent and Nurturing Parent 27
Adult 28
Egograms 28
The functional model describes only behaviour, not thinking
or
feeling 31
4. The Second-Order Structural Model / 34
Second-order structure: Parent 36
Second-order structure: Adult 37
Second-order structure: Child 38
How the second-order structure develops 40
Distinguishing structure from function 42
5. Recognizing Ego-States / 45
Behavioural diagnosis 45
Social diagnosis 49
Historical diagnosis 50
Phenomenological diagnosis 51
Ego-state diagnosis in practice 51
The executive and the real Self 52
6. Structural Pathology / 56
Contamination 56
Exclusion 59
Part III COMMUNICATING: Transactions,
Strokes and Time Structuring
7. Transactions / 65
Complementary transactions 65
Crossed transactions 68
Ulterior transactions 70
Transactions and non-verbals 73
Options 74
8. Strokes / 77
Stimulus-hunger 77
Kinds of strokes 78
Stroking and reinforcement of behaviour 79
Giving and taking strokes 80
The stroke economy 83
The stroking profile 86
Self-stroking 87
Are there ‘good’ and ‘bad’ strokes? 89
9. Time Structuring / 92
Withdrawal 93
Rituals 93
Pastimes 94
Activities 95
Games 96
Intimacy 98
Part IV WRITING OUR OWN LIFE-STORY:
Life-Scripts
10. The Nature and Origins of Life-Script / 103
Nature and definition of life-script 104
Origins of the script 105
11. How the Script is Lived Out / 111
Winning, losing and non-winning scripts 111
The script in adult life 114
Why script understanding is important 117
The script and the life course 119
12. Life Positions / 121
Life position in adulthood: the OK Corral 123
Personal change and the OK Corral 126
13. Script Messages and the Script Matrix / 129
Script messages and the infant’s perception 129
Kinds of script message 129
The script matrix 132
14. Injunctions and Decisions / 138
Twelve injunctions 138
Episcript 144
How decisions relate to injunctions 145
Antiscript 149
15. Process Scripts and Drivers / 148
Process scripts 152
Driver behaviours 157
Should we set out to ‘cure’ drivers and process scripts? 168
16. Personality Adaptations / 171
The six personality adaptations 171
How drivers indicate personality adaptations 175
Personality adaptations and process scripts 176
Making and keeping contact: the Ware Sequence 177
The Ware Sequence and personality adaptation 178
Using the Ware Sequence in the long and short term 181
Personality adaptations and script content 181
‘Pen-portraits’ of the six adaptations 182
Part V MAKING THE WORLD FIT OUR
SCRIPT: Passivity
17. Discounting / 191
Nature and definition of discounting 191
Grandiosity 192
The four passive behaviours 193
Discounting and ego-states 196
Detecting discounts 196
18. The Discount Matrix / 199
Areas of discounting 199
Types of discounting 199
Levels (modes) of discounting 200
The discount-matrix diagram 200
Using the discount matrix 203
19. Frame of Reference and Redefining / 206
The frame of reference 206
Frame of reference and the script 208
Nature and function of redefining 208
Redefining transactions 209
20. Symbiosis / 212
‘Healthy’ v. ‘unhealthy’ symbiosis 216
Symbiosis and the script 217
Symbiotic invitations 218
Second-order symbiosis 220
Part VI JUSTIFYING OUR SCRIPT BELIEFS:
Rackets and Games
21. Rackets and Stamps / 225
Rackets and script 228
Racket feelings and authentic feelings 230
Racket feelings, authentic feelings, and problem-solving 232
Racketeering 234
Stamps 235
22. The Racket System / 239
Script Beliefs and Feelings 239
Rackety Displays 243
Reinforcing Memories 244
Breaking out of the Racket System 247
23. Games and Game Analysis / 250
Examples of games 250
Sweatshirts 253
Different degrees of games 253
Formula G 254
The Drama Triangle 255
Transactional analysis of games 257
The Game Plan 259
Definitions of games 260
24. Why People Play Games / 263
Games, stamps and script payoff 263
Reinforcing script beliefs 264
Games, symbiosis and the frame of reference 264
Games and strokes 267
Berne’s ‘six advantages’ 268
Positive payoffs of games 268
25. How to Deal with Games / 270
Need we name the game? 270
Some familiar games 271
Using Options 273
Refusing the negative payoff 274
Replacing game strokes 276
Part VII CHANGING: TA in Practice
26. Contracts for Change / 281
Steiner’s ‘four requirements’ 281
Why use contracts? 282
Making an effective contract 284
27. Aims of Change in TA / 288
Autonomy 288
Becoming free from the script 289
Problem-solving 290
Views of ‘cure’ 290
28. TA Therapy and Counselling / 293
‘Therapy’ or ‘counselling’? 293
Self-therapy 294
Why therapy? 295
Characteristics of TA therapy 296
Three schools of TA 297
29. TA in Education and Organizations / 303
Main features of educational and organizational applications
303
Organizational applications 304
TA in education 306
30. How TA Has Developed / 310
Eric Berne and the origins of TA 310
The early years 312
The 1970s: years of mass popularity and professional
innovation 314
1980s to the present: international expansion and
consolidation 316
APPENDICES
A. Books by Eric Berne / 323
B. Other Key Books on TA / 325
C. Winners of the Eric Berne Memorial Scientific
Awards / 331
D. TA Organizations / 335
E. Training and Accreditation in TA / 338
F. TA 101 Course Outline / 343
NOTES AND REFERENCES / 347
BIBLIOGRAPHY / 364
GLOSSARY / 374
INDEX / 385


Nonfiction, Psychology, 1870244001