Izdavač: Ostalo
Žanr: Alternativni Rok, Hard Rok i Metal, Rok
Poreklo: Strani izvođač

Original, made in France

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Studio album by Nirvana
Released September 21, 1993
Recorded February 13–21, 1993[1]
February 22–26, 1993 (mixing)[2]
Studio Pachyderm, Cannon Falls, Minnesota
Genre
Grunge[3]noise rock[4]alternative rock[5]punk rock[6]
Length 41:23
Label DGC
Producer Steve Albini
Nirvana chronology
Incesticide
(1992) In Utero
(1993) MTV Unplugged in New York
(1994)

In Utero is the third and final studio album by the American rock band Nirvana, released on September 21, 1993, by DGC Records. After breaking into the mainstream with their second album, Nevermind (1991), Nirvana hired Steve Albini to record In Utero, seeking a more complex, abrasive sound that was reminiscent of their work prior to Nevermind. Although the singer and primary songwriter Kurt Cobain claimed that the album was `very impersonal`, many of its songs contain heavy allusions to his personal life and struggles, expressing feelings of angst that were common on the band`s previous album.

The album was recorded over two weeks in February 1993 at Pachyderm Studio in Cannon Falls, Minnesota. After recording finished, rumors circulated that DGC might not release the album due to Albini`s abrasive and uncommercial sound. The album was mastered by Bob Ludwig to achieve a more desirable sound for both Nirvana and their label. The band later hired the producer Scott Litt to remix the singles `All Apologies`, `Heart-Shaped Box` and `Pennyroyal Tea`, to Albini`s dismay.

In Utero was a major commercial and critical success. Critics praised the album`s raw, unconventional sound and Cobain`s lyricism. It reached number one on the US Billboard 200 and UK Albums Chart; `Heart-Shaped Box` and `All Apologies` reached number one on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. The album is certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in the US and has sold 15 million copies worldwide. It was the final Nirvana album before Cobain`s suicide in 1994, six months after the album`s release.

`Pennyroyal Tea`, planned as a single prior to Cobain`s death, was released in 2014 and reached number one on the now-defunct Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales chart.

Nirvana broke into the mainstream with their second album, Nevermind, in 1991. Despite modest sales estimates,[7] Nevermind was a major commercial success, popularizing the grunge movement and alternative rock.[8] Nirvana expressed dissatisfaction with the sound of the album, citing its production as too polished.[9] Early in 1992, the singer, Kurt Cobain, told Rolling Stone that Nirvana`s next album would showcase `both of the extremes` of their sound, saying: `It`ll be more raw with some songs and more candy pop on some of the others. It won`t be as one-dimensional.`[10] The producer of Nevermind, Butch Vig, said later that Cobain had needed to work with a different producer to `reclaim his punk ethics or cred`.[11]

Cobain wanted to start work in mid-1992, but his bandmates lived in different cities, and Cobain and his wife, Courtney Love, were expecting the birth of their daughter, Frances Bean.[12] Nirvana`s record label, DGC Records, had hoped to release a new Nirvana album for the 1992 holiday season; instead, they released the compilation album Incesticide.[13]

In a Melody Maker interview published in July 1992, Cobain said he was interested in recording with Jack Endino, who had produced Nirvana`s 1989 debut album Bleach, and Steve Albini, former frontman of the noise rock band Big Black, who had produced various independent releases.[14] In Seattle in October 1992, Nirvana recorded several demos with Endino, mainly as instrumentals, including songs later rerecorded for In Utero.[15] Endino recalled that the band did not ask him to produce its next record, and that they constantly debated working with Albini.[16] Nirvana recorded another set of demos while on tour in Brazil in January 1993.[17] `Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip` was recorded by Craig Montgomery at BMG Ariola Ltda in Rio de Janeiro, during the three-day demo session. The song was originally titled `I`ll Take You Down to the Pavement`, a reference to an argument between Cobain and the Guns N` Roses singer Axl Rose at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.[18]

Nirvana ultimately chose Albini to record its third album.[19] Albini had a reputation in the American independent music scene as being critical of the mainstream music industry and had a strict preference for analog recording rather than digital.[20] He sent a disclaimer to the British music press denying rumors of his involvement with Nirvana, only to receive a call from Nirvana`s management a few days later.[21] Albini dismissed Nirvana as `R.E.M. with a fuzzbox` and `an unremarkable version of the Seattle sound`. However, he accepted the job because he felt sorry for them, perceiving them as `the same sort of people as all the small-fry bands I deal with`, at the mercy of their record company.[22]

Cobain said he chose Albini because he had produced two of his favorite records, Surfer Rosa (1988) by the Pixies and Pod (1990) by the Breeders. Cobain wanted to use Albini`s technique of capturing the natural ambience of a room via the placement of several microphones, something previous Nirvana producers had been averse to trying.[20] Before the recording, the band sent Albini a tape of the demos they had made in Brazil. In return, Albini sent Cobain a copy of the PJ Harvey album Rid of Me (1993) to give him an idea of the acoustics at the studio where they would record.[23]

Track listing
All tracks are written by Kurt Cobain, except tracks 2 and 13 written with Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl.[131]

No. Title Length
1. `Serve the Servants` 3:36
2. `Scentless Apprentice` 3:48
3. `Heart-Shaped Box` 4:41
4. `Rape Me` 2:50
5. `Frances Farmer Will Have Her Revenge on Seattle` 4:09
6. `Dumb` 2:32
7. `Very Ape` 1:56
8. `Milk It` 3:55
9. `Pennyroyal Tea` 3:37
10. `Radio Friendly Unit Shifter` 4:51
11. `Tourette`s` 1:35
12. `All Apologies` 3:51
Total length: 41:23
Non-US CD pressings
No. Title Length
12. `All Apologies`
`Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip` (hidden track)
31:32
Notes

Original non-US CD pressings of the album include `Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip` as a hidden track. It is listed on the back cover as track 13, but is heard after approximately 20 minutes of silence on track 12 following `All Apologies`, beginning at 24:00.
Personnel
Personnel adapted from In Utero liner notes [131]

Nirvana

Kurt Cobain – vocals, guitars, art direction, design, photography
Krist Novoselic – bass guitar
Dave Grohl – drums
Other musicians

Kera Schaley – cello on `All Apologies` and `Dumb`
Technical

Steve Albini – producer, engineer, mixing
Robert Fisher – art direction, design, photography
Alex Grey – illustrations
Michael Lavine – photography
Scott Litt – mixing on `Heart-Shaped Box` and `All Apologies` on original release plus “Pennyroyal Tea” on deluxe edition
Adam Kasper – second engineer to Scott Litt
Bob Ludwig – audio mastering
Karen Mason – photography
Charles Peterson – photography
Neil Wallace – photography
Bob Weston – technician