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Danas se zna da je Bataj jedan od najznačajnijih pisaca svog vremena. Priča o oku i Gospođa Edvarda prekinule su nit priča da bi ispričale ono što nikada dosad nije bilo ispričano; Suma ateologije uvela je misao u prostor pun neizvesnosti, prostor granice, krajnjosti, vrhunca, prestupa; Erotizam nam je približio De Sada i učinio ga težim. Bataju dugujemo dobar deo trenutka u kome se nalazimo; ali i ono što ostaje da se učini, misli i kaže takođe njemu dugujemo, i još ćemo dugovati. Njegovo delo će rasti.“ (Mišel Fuko




Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (/bɑːˈtaɪ/; French: [ʒɔʁʒ batɑj]; 10 September 1897 – 9 July 1962) was a French philosopher and intellectual working in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, consumerism, and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored such subjects as erotism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social theory, including poststructuralism.[3]

Georges Bataille
Georges Bataille vers 1943.jpg
Bataille in 1943
Born
Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille
10 September 1897
Billom, French Third Republic
Died
9 July 1962 (aged 64)
Paris, France
Nationality
French
Education
École Nationale des Chartes (B.A., 1922)
Era
20th-century philosophy
Region
Western philosophy
School
Continental philosophy
French Nietzscheanism[a]
Main interests
Eroticism, literary criticism
Notable ideas
The accursed share, base materialism, limit-experience
Influences
G. W. F. HegelRené Guénon[1]Maria de NaglowskaKarl MarxFriedrich NietzscheSigmund FreudAlexandre KojèveÉmile DurkheimMarquis de SadeLev ShestovMarcel Mauss
Influenced
Michel FoucaultJacques DerridaJacques LacanMaurice BlanchotJean BaudrillardMichel OnfrayGuy DebordNick LandGiorgio AgambenMichel LeirisRoland BarthesJulia Kristeva[2]
Signature
Signature Georges Bataille.svg
Early life

Career

Personal life

Themes

Key concepts Edit

Base materialism Edit
Bataille developed base materialism during the late 1920s and early 1930s as an attempt to break with mainstream materialism, which he viewed as a subtle form of idealism.[12] He argues for the concept of an active base matter that disrupts the opposition of high and low and destabilises all foundations. Inspired by Gnostic ideas, this notion of materialism defies strict definition and rationalisation. Base materialism was a major influence on Derrida`s deconstruction, and both thinkers attempt to destabilise philosophical oppositions by means of an unstable `third term.` Bataille`s notion of materialism may also be seen as anticipating Louis Althusser`s conception of aleatory materialism or `materialism of the encounter,` which draws on similar atomist metaphors to sketch a world in which causality and actuality are abandoned in favor of limitless possibilities of action.

The `accursed share` Edit
La Part maudite is a book written by Bataille between 1946 and 1949, when it was published by Les Éditions de Minuit. It was translated into English and published in 1991, with the title The Accursed Share. It presents a new economic theory, which Bataille calls `general economy,` as distinct from the `restricted` economic perspective of most economic theory. Thus, in the theoretical introduction, Bataille writes the following:

I will simply state, without waiting further, that the extension of economic growth itself requires the overturning of economic principles—the overturning of the ethics that grounds them. Changing from the perspectives of restrictive economy to those of general economy actually accomplishes a Copernican transformation: a reversal of thinking—and of ethics. If a part of wealth (subject to a rough estimate) is doomed to destruction or at least to unproductive use without any possible profit, it is logical, even inescapable, to surrender commodities without return. Henceforth, leaving aside pure and simple dissipation, analogous to the construction of the Pyramids, the possibility of pursuing growth is itself subordinated to giving: The industrial development of the entire world demands of Americans that they lucidly grasp the necessity, for an economy such as theirs, of having a margin of profitless operations. An immense industrial network cannot be managed in the same way that one changes a tire… It expresses a circuit of cosmic energy on which it depends, which it cannot limit, and whose laws it cannot ignore without consequences. Woe to those who, to the very end, insist on regulating the movement that exceeds them with the narrow mind of the mechanic who changes a tire.[13]
Thus, according to Bataille`s theory of consumption, the accursed share is that excessive and non-recuperable part of any economy which is destined to one of two modes of economic and social expenditure. This must either be spent luxuriously and knowingly without gain in the arts, in non-procreative sexuality, in spectacles and sumptuous monuments, or it is obliviously destined to an outrageous and catastrophic outpouring in war. Though the distinction is less apparent in Hurley`s English translation, Bataille introduces the neologism `consummation` (akin to a fire`s burning) to signal this excess expenditure as distinct from `consommation` (the non-excess expenditure more familiarly treated in theories of `restricted` economy).

The notion of `excess` energy is central to Bataille`s thinking. Bataille`s inquiry takes the superabundance of energy, beginning from the infinite outpouring of solar energy or the surpluses produced by life`s basic chemical reactions, as the norm for organisms. In other words, an organism in Bataille`s general economy, unlike the rational actors of classical economy who are motivated by scarcity, normally has an `excess` of energy available to it. This extra energy can be used productively for the organism`s growth or it can be lavishly expended. Bataille insists that an organism`s growth or expansion always runs up against limits and becomes impossible. The wasting of this energy is `luxury.` The form and role luxury assumes in a society, are characteristic of that society. `The accursed share` refers to this excess, destined for waste.

Crucial to the formulation of the theory was Bataille`s reflection upon the phenomenon of potlatch. It is influenced by Marcel Mauss`s The Gift, as well as by Friedrich Nietzsche`s On the Genealogy of Morals.

Other Edit
Eroticism
Immanence
Limit-experience
The Pineal Eye
Sovereignty
The Sacred
Slow slicing
The Solar Anus
Transgression
Bibliography Edit

A work-in-progress listing of Bataille`s work and English translations can be found at Progressive Geographies.

Complete works

Georges Bataille, Œuvres complètes (Paris: Gallimard):
Volume 1: Premiers écrits, 1922–1940: Histoire de l`œil - L`Anus solaire - Sacrifices - Articles
Volume 2: Écrits posthumes, 1922–1940
Volume 3: Œuvres littéraires: Madame Edwarda - Le Petit - L`Archangélique - L`Impossible - La Scissiparité - L`Abbé C. - L`être indifférencié n`est rien - Le Bleu du ciel
Volume 4: Œuvres littéraires posthumes: Poèmes - Le Mort - Julie - La Maison brûlée - La Tombe de Louis XXX - Divinus Deus - Ébauches
Volume 5: La Somme athéologique I: L`Expérience intérieure - Méthode de méditation - Post-scriptum 1953 - Le Coupable - L`Alleluiah
Volume 6: La Somme athéologique II: Sur Nietzsche - Mémorandum - Annexes
Volume 7: L`économie à la mesure de l`univers - La Part maudite - La limite de l`utile (Fragments) - Théorie de la Religion - Conférences 1947-1948 - Annexes
Volume 8: L`Histoire de l`érotisme - Le surréalisme au jour le jour - Conférences 1951-1953 - La Souveraineté - Annexes
Volume 9: Lascaux, ou La naissance de l’art - Manet - La littérature et le mal - Annexes
Volume 10: L’érotisme - Le procès de Gilles de Rais - Les larmes d’Eros
Volume 11: Articles I, 1944–1949
Volume 12: Articles II, 1950–1961
Georges Bataille: Une liberté souveraine: Textes et entretiens, 2004 (articles, book reviews and interviews not included in Oeuvres Complètes, Michel Surya Ed.)
Works published in French

Histoire de l`oeil, 1928 (Story of the Eye) (under pseudonym of Lord Auch)
L`Anus solaire, 1931 (The Solar Anus)
The Notion of Expenditure, 1933
L`Amitié, 1940 (Friendship) (under pseudonym of Dianus; early version of Part One of Le Coupable)
Madame Edwarda, 1941 (under pseudonym of Pierre Angélique, fictitiously dated 1937; 2nd Edition: 1945; 3rd Edition: 1956 published with preface in Bataille`s name)[14]
Le Petit, 1943 (under pseudonym of Louis Trente; fictitious publication date of 1934)
L`expérience intérieure, 1943 (Inner Experience)
L`Archangélique, 1944 (The Archangelical)
Le Coupable, 1944 (Guilty)
Sur Nietzsche, 1945 (On Nietzsche)
Dirty, 1945
L`Orestie, 1945 (The Oresteia)
Histoire de rats, 1947 (A Story of Rats)
L`Alleluiah, 1947 (Alleluia: The Catechism of Dianus)
Méthode de méditation, 1947 (Method of Meditation)
La Haine de la Poésie, 1947 (The Hatred of Poetry; reissued in 1962 as The Impossible)
La Scissiparité, 1949 (The Scission)
La Part maudite, 1949 (The Accursed Share)
L`Abbé C, 1950
L`expérience intérieure, 1954 (second edition of Inner Experience, followed by Method of Meditation and Post-scriptum 1953)
L`Être indifférencié n`est rien, 1954 (Undifferentiated Being is Nothing)
Lascaux, ou la Naissance de l`Art, 1955
Manet, 1955
Le paradoxe de l`érotisme, Nouvelle Revue Française, n°29, 1er Mai 1955.
Le Bleu du ciel, 1957 (written 1935–36) (Blue of Noon)
La littérature et le Mal, 1957 (Literature and Evil)
L`Erotisme, 1957 (Erotism)
Le Coupable, 1961 (Guilty, second, revised edition, followed by Alleluia: The Catechism of Dianus)
Les larmes d`Éros, 1961 (The Tears of Eros)
L`Impossible : Histoire de rats suivi de Dianus et de L`Orestie, 1962 (The Impossible)
Posthumous works

Ma Mère, 1966 (My Mother)
Le Mort, 1967 (The Dead Man)
Théorie de la Religion, 1973 (Theory of Religion)
Translated works

Lascaux; or, the Birth of Art, the Prehistoric Paintings, Austryn Wainhouse, 1955, Lausanne: Skira.
Manet, Austryn Wainhouse and James Emmons, 1955, Editions d`Art Albert Skira.
Literature and Evil, Alastair Hamilton, 1973, Calder & Boyars Ltd.
Visions of Excess: Selected Writings 1927-1939, Allan Stoekl, Carl R. Lovitt, and Donald M. Leslie, Jr., 1985, University of Minnesota Press.
Erotism: Death and Sensuality, Mary Dalwood, 1986, City Lights Books.
Story of the Eye, Joachim Neugroschel, 1987, City Lights Books.
The Accursed Share: An Essay On General Economy. Volume I: Consumption, Robert Hurley, 1988, Zone Books.
The College of Sociology, 1937–39 (Bataille et al.), Betsy Wing, 1988, University of Minnesota Press.
Guilty, Bruce Boone, 1988, The Lapis Press.
Inner Experience, Leslie Anne Boldt, 1988, State University of New York.
My Mother, Madame Edwarda, The Dead Man, Austryn Wainhouse, with ess...


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