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N.W.A (an abbreviation for Niggaz Wit Attitudes)[5][6][note 1] was an American hip hop group whose members were among the earliest and most significant popularizers and controversial figures of the gangsta rap subgenre, and the group is widely considered one of the greatest and most influential groups in the history of hip hop music.[9]

Active from 1987 to 1991,[1] the rap group endured controversy owing to its music`s explicit lyrics, which many viewed as being misogynistic, as well as to its glorification of drugs and crime.[10] The group was subsequently banned from many mainstream American radio stations. In spite of this, the group has sold over 10 million units in the United States alone. Drawing on its members` own experiences of racism and excessive policing, the group made inherently political music.[11] The group`s members were known for their deep hatred of the police system, which has sparked much controversy over the years.

The original lineup, formed in early 1987,[1] consisted of Arabian Prince, Dr. Dre, Eazy-E, and Ice Cube, with DJ Yella and MC Ren joining later that year. They released their first compilation album as a group in 1987 called N.W.A. and the Posse, which peaked at No. 39 on Billboard magazine`s Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Arabian Prince left shortly after the release of N.W.A`s debut studio album, Straight Outta Compton, in 1988, with Ice Cube following suit in December 1989. Eazy-E, Ice Cube, MC Ren and Dr. Dre later became platinum-selling solo artists in their own right in the 1990s. The group`s debut album marked the beginning of the new gangsta rap era as the production and social commentary in their lyrics were revolutionary within the genre. N.W.A`s second studio album, Niggaz4Life, was the first hardcore rap album to reach number one on the Billboard 200 sales charts.[6]

Rolling Stone ranked N.W.A at number 83 on its list of the `100 Greatest Artists of All Time`.[12] In 2016, the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, following three previous nominations.

Origin Compton, California, U.S.
Genres
West Coast hip hopgangsta rap
Years active
1987–1991[1]1999–2002[2][3][4]20152016
Labels
RuthlessPriority
Past members
Arabian Prince
DJ Yella
Dr. Dre
Eazy-E
Ice Cube
MC Ren
Straight Outta Compton is the debut studio album by rap group N.W.A, which, led by Eazy-E, formed in Los Angeles County`s City of Compton in early 1987.[3][4] Released by his label, Ruthless Records, on August 8, 1988,[1] the album was produced by N.W.A members Dr. Dre, DJ Yella, and Arabian Prince, with lyrics written by N.W.A members Ice Cube and MC Ren[5] along with Ruthless rapper The D.O.C.[3] Not merely depicting Compton`s street violence, the lyrics repeatedly threaten to lead it by attacking peers and even police. The track `Fuck tha Police` drew an FBI agent`s warning letter, which aided N.W.A`s notoriety, with N.W.A calling itself `the world`s most dangerous group.`[3][6][7]

In July 1989, despite its scarce radio play beyond the Los Angeles area,[4] Straight Outta Compton received gangsta rap`s first platinum certification, one million copies sold by then.[3] That year, the album peaked at #9 on Billboard`s Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, and at #37 on the popular albums chart, the Billboard 200.[8] Receiving media spotlight, N.W.A`s example triggered the rap genre`s movement toward hardcore, gangsta rap.[9] As the 1980s closed, if largely through N.W.A`s own splintering—yielding successful solo music careers and franchises for Ice Cube and for Dr. Dre—the ripple effects had reshaped rap, R&B, and popular music, influencing popular culture.[10]

Remastered, the album`s September 2002 reissue gained four bonus tracks. Nearing the album`s 20th anniversary, another extended version of it arrived in December 2007.[11] And in 2015, after an album reissue on red cassettes of limited edition,[12] theater release of the biographical film Straight Outta Compton reinvigorated sales of the album, which by year`s end was certified 3x Multi-Platinum.[3] In 2016, it became the first rap album inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[13] The next year, the Library of Congress enshrined Straight Outta Compton in the National Recording Registry
Released August 8, 1988[1]
Recorded 1987–1988
Studio Audio Achievements
(Torrance, California)
Genre
West Coast hip hop[2]gangsta raphardcore hip hop
Length 60:16
Label
RuthlessPriority
Producer
Andre YoungAntoine CarrabyEric Wright (exec.)Arabian Prince
For most of the 1980s, New York City, hip hop`s 1973 birthplace,[15] remained the rap genre`s dominant scene.[16][17] Until 1988, this scene, retaining more of hip hop`s dance and party origin, prioritized the DJ, from a DJ crew,[18] playing, at a dance party, electro rap and `funk hop`[19]—akin to Afrika Bambaataa and Soulsonic Force offering, from New York, the 1982 hit `Planet Rock`[16]—whereas the East Coast, as in Run-DMC`s breakout album of 1984, had moved to prioritizing the lyricist, the `MC`.[17]

Yet around Los Angeles, DJs increasingly imparted or invited lyrics atop the party music, how the World Class Wreckin` Cru core—including Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, led by Grandmaster Lonzo—made the West Coast`s first rap album, albeit electro rap, released under a major record label.[17] But since 1982, among LA`s rising lyricists was Ice-T, who heard Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D`s 1985 single `P.S.K. What Does It Mean?`[17][16] In 1986, thus influenced,[20] Ice-T offered the track `6 in the Mornin", which, seizing some of LA`s attention from electro rap, reached gold sales as the inaugural anthem of a new rap subgenre later called `gangsta rap`.[17][16]

In 1986, Eric Wright, a Kelly Park Compton Crip, was forming in Compton an independent label, Ruthless Records.[17] Dealing drugs, Wright had become acquainted with Dr. Dre and Arabian Prince, two friends, record producers, and recording artists hitting locally but denied royalties.[21] Upon recruiting from rap group C.I.A. a ghostwriter in Ice Cube, who was from South Central Los Angeles,[3] Wright had Dre and Cube craft a song, `Boyz-n-the-Hood`.[22] But once a Ruthless group signed from New York City rejected it, Wright, dubbed Eazy-E, himself rapped it, a local hit.[19][22] It sounded similar to Schooly D`s `P.S.K.` single, and its tempo was too slow to dance to.[16]

Exceeding Ice-T`s model, N.W.A imparted to gangsta rap the N.W.A signature, `exaggerated descriptions of street life, militant resistance to authority, and outright sexist violence.`[23] Locally, by supplying radio edits, N.W.A enjoyed nearly direct radio access, anyway, via Greg Mack of KDAY radio.[4] But otherwise, even N.W.A`s national debut, Straight Outta Compton, saw virtually no radio play, a fact that amplified the album`s feat: the first gangsta rap certified platinum, one million copies sold.[17][24] As rap fans, even from afar, sought more from Compton and South Central,[10] local rappers, like MC Eiht of Compton`s Most Wanted, met the call.[25] LA`s rap scene rapidly moved from party rap to hardcore rap.[17]

Yet on the global stage, N.W.A towered as gangsta rap`s icons. For their ostentatious lyrics, profane and strident, unrelentingly depicting violent defiance, even threatening law enforcement, an FBI agent sent the record label a warning letter, MTV banned the `Straight Outta Compton` video, some venues banned N.W.A performance, and some police officers refused to work security at N.W.A shows elsewhere.[3][24][26] As this all sparked publicity that reinforced their aura,[3] the rappers would allude to such facts in later raps.[27] In any case, Slant Magazine recalls `Straight Outta Compton as the sound of the West Coast firing on New York`s Fort Sumpter in what would become `90s culture`s biggest Uncivil War.`[28]

Record production
The album was recorded and produced in Audio Achievements Studio in Torrance, California for $12,000. Dr. Dre, in a 1993 interview, recalls, `I threw that thing together in six weeks so we could have something to sell out of the trunk.[3]

In an incident recalled in Jerry Heller`s book and later portrayed in the film Straight Outta Compton, police approached the group while they were standing outside the studio in the fall of 1987 and demanded them to get on their knees and show ID without explanation. Outraged by the experience, Cube began writing the lyrics that would become `Fuck tha Police.`[29] Initially, still spending weekends in jail over traffic violations, Dre was reluctant to do `Fuck tha Police`, a reluctance that dissolved once that sentence concluded.[3]

Synthesis
The album`s producers were Dr. Dre with DJ Yella and Arabian Prince. Considering the album`s force, its production may seem surprisingly spare, mostly sampled horn blasts, some funk guitar riffs, sampled vocals, and turntable scratches atop a drum machine.[10] Their drum machine, used for kick drums, was the Roland TR-808, which was rendered obsolete upon its 1980 release by the Linn LM-1, but cost about $1,000 versus $5,000.[30] Used as early as 1980 by Japanese electropop group Yellow Magic Orchestra, it became hip hop`s venerated `808`.[30] Its deep bass thumps, audibly artificial, lend the now classic sound of rap`s 1980s and 1990s landmarks, including Straight Outta Compton`s precursors, like Run-DMC`s launch of aggressive vocalization from 1983 to 1984, Eric B. & Rakim`s inauguration of liberal sampling in 1986,[31] Boogie Down Productions in KRS-One`s assertion of criminal mindset in 1987, and Public Enemy`s assault on mainstream authority and opinion in 1988.[30]

Vocals
N.W.A`s Ice Cube and MC Ren along with Ruthless Records rapper The D.O.C. wrote the lyrics, including those rapped by Eazy-E and by Dr. Dre.[3] On the other hand, DJ Yella never raps, and Arabian Prince does only minor vocals on `Something 2 Dance 2`. Otherwise, each group member stands out through a solo rap, too.

MC Ren has two solo tracks, `If It Ain`t Ruff` and `Quiet on tha Set`. Dr. Dre dominates `Express Yourself`. Ice Cube`s is `I Ain`t tha 1`. Eazy-E`s is a remix of `8 Ball`, a track which originally appeared on N.W.A`s 1987 debut compilation album N.W.A. and the Posse. The one guest is The D.O.C., who raps the opening verse of `Parental Discretion Iz Advised`.

Whereas Ren wrote his own lyrics, and The D.O.C. wrote some lyrics, perhaps mainly Dre`s lyrics, Cube wrote some of Dre`s lyrics and nearly all of Eazy`s lyrics.[10] Still, even Eazy and Dre, alike Cube and Ren, each brings a distinct delivery and character, making N.W.A altogether stand out from imitators.[10]
All songs produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella.

No. Title Writer(s) Performer(s) Samples[85][86] Length
1 `Straight Outta Compton`
Ice Cube
MC Ren
The D.O.C.
Ice Cube
MC Ren
Eazy-E
`Funky Drummer` by James Brown
`You`ll Like It Too` by Funkadelic
`West Coast Poplock` by Ronnie Hudson and the Street People
`Get Me Back on Time, Engine No. 9` by Wilson Pickett
`Amen, Brother` by The Winstons
`One for the Treble` by Davy DMX
4:18
2 `Fuck tha Police`[87]
Ice Cube
MC Ren
The D.O.C.
Ice Cube
MC Ren
Eazy-E
`Funky President (People It`s Bad)` by James Brown
`It`s My Thing` by Marva Whitney
`Boogie Back` by Roy Ayers
`Feel Good` by Fancy
`Funky Drummer` by James Brown
`Ruthless Villain` by Eazy-E
`Be Thankful for What You Got` by William DeVaughn
5:45
3 `Gangsta Gangsta`
Ice Cube
Ice Cube
Eazy-E
`Weak at the Knees` by Steve Arrington
`Troglodyte` by Jimmy Castor Bunch
`Be Thankful for What You Got` by William DeVaughn
`Impeach the President` by The Honey Drippers
`N.T.` by Kool & the Gang
`Funky Worm` by Ohio Players
`Prison` by Richard Pryor
`My Philosophy` by Boogie Down Productions (KRS-One)
`La Di Da Di` by Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick
`Girls` by Beastie Boys
`Ruthless Villain` by Eazy-E
`Take the Money and Run` by Steve Miller Band
5:36
4 `If It Ain`t Ruff`
MC Ren
MC Ren
`A Star in the Ghetto` by Average White Band
`Quiet on tha Set` and `Straight Outta Compton` by N.W.A
`Ruthless Villain` by Eazy-E
`Don`t Believe the Hype` by Public Enemy
3:34
5 `Parental Discretion Iz Advised`
The D.O.C. (also for Dr. Dre)
MC Ren
Ice Cube
The D.O.C.
Dr. Dre
MC Ren
Ice Cube
Eazy-E
`I Turned You On` by The Isley Brothers and Dave `Baby` Cortez
5:15
6 `8 Ball` (remix)
Ice Cube
Eazy-E
`It`s My Beat` by Sweet Tea
`Be Thankful for What You Got` by William DeVaughn
`Yes, We Can Can` by The Pointer Sisters
`(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)`, `The New Style`, `Girls`, `Paul Revere`, and `Hold It Now, Hit It` by Beastie Boys
`Terminator X Speaks With His Hands` and `Too Much Posse` by Public Enemy
`Hollywood Swinging` by Kool & the Gang
`Let`s Get It On` by Marvin Gaye
`Go See the Doctor` by Kool Moe Dee
`Boyz-n-the-Hood` by Eazy-E
`My Melody` by Eric B. & Rakim
4:52
7 `Something Like That`
MC Ren (also for Dr. Dre)
MC Ren
Dr. Dre
`Down on the Avenue` by Fat Larry`s Band
`Take the Money and Run` by Steve Miller Band
`I Think I`ll Do It` by Z. Z. Hill
3:35
8 `Express Yourself`
Ice Cube
Dr. Dre
`Express Yourself` by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band
`Dopeman` by N.W.A
4:25
9 `Compton`s N the House (remix)`
MC Ren (also for Dr. Dre)
MC Ren
Dr. Dre
`Something Like That` by N.W.A
5:20
10 `I Ain`t tha 1`
Ice Cube
Ice Cube
`The Message (Inspiration)` by Brass Construction
4:54
11 `Dopeman` (remix)
Ice Cube
Ice Cube
Eazy-E
`Dance to the Drummer`s Beat` by Herman Kelly and Life
`Funky Worm` by Ohio Players
`My Posse` by C.I.A.
5:20
12 `Quiet On tha Set`
MC Ren
MC Ren
`Down to the Grissle` by Cool C
`Funky Drummer` by James Brown
`I Get Lifted` by George McCrae
`Rock Creek Park` by The Blackbyrds
`Take the Money and Run` by Steve Miller Band
`Straight Outta Compton` by N.W.A
`On the Bugged Tip` by Big Daddy Kane
`Rebel Without a Pause` by Public Enemy
3:59
13 `Something 2 Dance 2`
Arabian Prince
Arabian Prince
DJ Yella
Dr. Dre
Eazy-E
`You`re the One for Me` by D-Train
`Dance to the Music` by Sly and the Family Stone
3:23
2002 reissue bonus tracks
No. Title Writer(s) Performer(s) Length
14. `Express Yourself` (extended mix)
Ice CubeMC Ren
Dr. DreMC RenIce Cube
4:42
15. `Bonus Beats` 3:03
16. `Straight Outta Compton` (extended mix)
Ice CubeThe D.O.C.MC Ren
MC RenEazy-EIce Cube
4:53
17. `A Bitch Iz a Bitch` Ice Cube Ice Cube 3:10
Personnel
Eazy-E – rapping (seven songs)
Ice Cube – rapping (six songs)
MC Ren – rapping (eight songs)
Arabian Prince – keyboards & drum programming (five songs) & rapping (one song)
Dr. Dre – keyboards & drum programming (five songs), rapping (five songs)
DJ Yella – sampling & drum programming (seven songs), rapping (one song)
The D.O.C. (guest) – rapping (one song)